Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization

In recent years, renewable energy sources have been integrated on a large scale in power systems all around the world to address environmental sustainability concerns. With conventional thermal generators being phased out, offshore wind plants present viable alternative provide blackstart services for system restoration. By means of simulations, grid-forming turbines are shown successfully energize transformer and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) export link controlled manner, ultimately supply onshore block load. Two methods energizing network compared: prevalent hard-switching approach more complex soft-start method. Additionally, control has implemented mitigate significant transients associated with pre-charging converter. It is that can faster energization smaller compared hard-switching. Moreover, sensitivity analyses performed this study illustrate impact pre-insertion resistor voltage ramp-up rates during soft-start, respectively. The results presented also show deal converter from its DC terminals essential safe operation link.